Are Nicotine-Free Vapes Safe?

When vapes first entered the market, they were hailed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. As a result, many smokers turned to e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking or at least reduce their nicotine consumption. As nicotine-free vapes became more popular, they, too, were added to quitters¹ toolboxes. Over time, nicotine-free vapes became popular even among non-smokers. But just how safe are they?

What is in a Nicotine-Free Vape?

Nicotine-free vapes do not contain the addictive substance found in traditional cigarettes and many e-cigarettes. However, the absence of nicotine does not mean they are free from other potentially harmful substances. Most vape juices contain a mixture of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), as well as flavoring agents.¹ This is true of both vapes that contain nicotine and those that are nicotine-free.

Potential Risks of Nicotine-Free Vaping

Since vaping is relatively new, studies are still being conducted about the risks or benefits associated with using them. Researchers are still conducting trials about the chemical composition of these vapes, what happens to the body when they’re used, and other potential consequences. These potential risks are the result of multiple ongoing studies.

• Nicotine exposure: Nicotine exposure. Even if a vape is labeled nicotine-free, it may not be. In one study of 10 vape products that were labeled nicotine-free by their manufacturers, seven were found to contain measurable amounts of nicotine.²

• Chemical Exposure: While PG and VG are generally recognized as safe for food consumption, the effects of inhaling them are less clear. Some research has suggested that heating these substances can produce harmful compounds, such as formaldehyde.¹

• Flavoring Agents: Many flavorings used in e-liquids have been approved for oral consumption but not necessarily for inhalation. Even inhalation of flavoring agents without vaping can be hazardous. Some flavors, like diacetyl, previously used to create a buttery taste in microwave popcorn, have been associated with a severe lung disease called bronchiolitis obliterans or "popcorn lung".³

• Particles in the Lungs: Vaping can introduce tiny particles into the lungs, which might pose risks, especially with prolonged exposure.⁴

• Device Malfunction: There have been reports of e-cigarette batteries exploding or catching fire. These malfunctions have caused vapers life-threatening injuries and lifelong disabilities as well as serious property damage.⁵

Potential Benefits of Nicotine-Free Vaping

• Reduced Harm Compared to Traditional Cigarettes: Even with potential risks, many experts believe that vaping is less harmful than smoking traditional cigarettes, mainly due to the absence of tar and other toxic substances produced by burning tobacco.^6,7

• Stepping Stone for Quitting: For smokers, nicotine-free vapes can serve as a step-down from nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, aiding in the process of quitting nicotine entirely.

While nicotine-free vapes may reduce some of the risks associated with traditional smoking and nicotine addiction, they are not risk-free. As with any product, it's essential to be informed and weigh the pros and cons. Anyone considering using nicotine-free vapes as a method of smoking cessation should do so with an awareness of the potential risks and should consult with a healthcare professional while they create their plan to quit smoking.